DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN
Reference Number(s): NTB08-097f, Date of Issue: November 21, 2012
Superceded Bulletin(s): NTB08-097e, Date of Issue: September 21, 2011
REVISION HISTORY
The linked General Procedures in this bulletin have been amended. Please discard
previous versions of these General Procedures.
SERVICE INFORMATION
If a customers reports their "vehicle pulls" or the "steering wheel is off-center," use
the Diagnostic Flow Chart below and the other information in this bulletin to diagnose
and correct the issue
DIAGNOSTIC FLOW CHART
NISSAN: Nissan
CLASSIFICATION: ST08-001f
APPLIED VEHICLES: All Nissan - except GT-R
2009 Nissan Maxima S
DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
2020年3月30日 10:22:54 Page 1 © 2011 Mitchell Repair Information 59 Company, LLC.
ROAD TEST
Determine if the vehicle has a pull or steering wheel off-center issue that requires
repair.
Replace the tire(s) or use known good tires from another vehicle for all road tests and
diagnostics in this bulletin.
l Make sure tire pressure is set to the correct specification.
1. Install the following measuring tools on the vehicle:
l Steering Wheel Offset Gauge
IMPORTANT: l If the vehicle has any tire issues, such as:
l Tires that are different sizes (except when specified from the
factory)
l Significant difference in the amount of wear between any of the
tires
l Any other tire irregularity or damage to any tire
2009 Nissan Maxima S
DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
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l Road Crown Gauge
2. Obtain a watch with a second hand (preferably a stopwatch) to use during the road
test.
3. Take the vehicle for a road test and confirm the customers concern.
l Select a flat road where the vehicle can be driven in a straight line at a
preferred speed of 60 mph.
l During the road test make sure the vehicle is pointing straight . Don't worry
about steering wheel position during the road test.
4. Determine the vehicles issue - refer to the definitions of "Pull" and Steering
Wheel "Off-center".
5. When the road test is completed, remove the Road Crown Gauge, leave the Steering
Wheel Off-Set Gauge in place until the Service Procedure is complete.
6. Refer to the Diagnostic Flow Chart for the next step.
OTHER SERVICE INFORMATION
Customers may report that their vehicle's steering wheel is "off-center" because the
steering wheel spokes are tilted to the left or right when the vehicle continues
straight ahead on a straight flat road (see example in Figure 1).
NOTE: See pages 5 and 6 for a description of these tools and an explanation of
their use.
NOTE: l If you adjusted the tire pressure or changed the tires before the
road test, the issue may have been resolved.
l If there are cross winds strong enough to affect the vehicle's
straight line movement, then diagnosis cannot be performed.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
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If a vehicle's steering wheel spokes are slightly off center while driving straight, it
may be the normal result of road crown. Most roads in the United States are built with
a "crown" to help rain water drain from the road surface. The slope of the road crown
varies from place to place.
Vehicles have a natural tendency to drift to the low side of the crown. The greater the
slope of the crown, the faster the vehicle will drift in that direction.
Tires and vehicles are designed to counteract the effect of typical road crown, but may
not fully counteract the effect of a highly crowned road.
Some freeways slope to both the left and right from the center. When driving on a
freeway that slopes in both directions, a vehicle may exhibit a small amount of drift
to the left when driving in the left lane and a small amount of drift to the right when
driving in the right lane.
This bulletin does not address road crown issues because they are not vehicle related ,
although the customer may incorrectly perceive them to be.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
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DESCRIPTION/DEFINITION OF STEERING WHEEL "OFF-CENTER" CONDITION
The steering wheel spokes are tilted to the left or right more than allowable (see
example in Figure 2) when driving straight ahead on a straight flat road.
Allowable specification for steering wheel off-center
l All Nissan (except NV1500, 2500, and 3500): 2 mm or less.
l NV1500, 2500, and 3500: 4 mm or less.
When driving straight on a highly crowned road, the steering wheel may be turned (offcenter)
to counteract the affect of the road crown. When road testing for an off-center
condition, the vehicle should be driven on a straight flat road.
Although the vehicle does not pull in either direction, the customer may perceive that
the vehicle pulls because it will respond if he or she tries to bring the steering
wheel back to center. This condition can occur if the tie rod length is uneven (not
adjusted correctly) from side to side.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
2020年3月30日 10:22:54 Page 5 © 2011 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
DESCRIPTION/DEFINITION OF A VEHICLE "PULL" CONDITION
The vehicle consistently drifts to one side while driving at a constant speed on a
straight, flat road.
l A vehicle is said to "pull" if it completes a lane change in less than 7 seconds
(with no steering correction from the driver) when driving at 60 MPH on a road
with less than 2 degrees of road crown slope. All four wheels must pass into the
other lane during this time (7 seconds).
SPECIAL TOOLS
STEERING WHEEL OFFSET GAUGE (STICKERS) - TOOL # J-49286-3
The Steering Wheel Offset Gauge is a set of one-time use stickers that are attached to
the steering wheel and the steering column cover.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
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Tool Use
Turn/adjust the steering wheel to the straight position (spokes of steering wheel are
straight across).
Attach the sticker with numbers on the steering column cover.
Attach the arrow sticker on the steering wheel. Make sure the arrow lines up with the 0
(zero) mark.
When you road test the vehicle you can read how many millimeters the steering wheel is
off-center.
l Additional tools can be ordered from TECH-MATE at 1-800-662-2001.
NOTE: If stickers are not available, use a piece of masking tape on the steering
wheel and on the steering column. Mark where the steering wheel is
centered.
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ROAD CROWN GAUGE - TOOL # J-49286-2
The Road Crown Gauge measures the amount of road crown in degrees.
The suction cup is used to attach the Road Crown Gauge to a secure spot on the vehicle
dash.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
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Tool Use
Before the road test, calibrate the gauge:
There are two ways to calibrate the gauge:
l Preferred method: Park the vehicle on a level surface, such as an alignment rack
and calibrate the gauge by moving the gauge until the ball is on the zero mark.
NOTE: The gauge must be calibrated with the same weight in the vehicle as there
will be during the road test. For example, if you plan to have an assistant in
the vehicle during the road test, calibrate the gauge while both of you are
sitting in the vehicle.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
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l If you do not have a perfectly flat level surface:
a. Park the vehicle on a reasonable flat level surface and note the gauge
reading.
b. Turn the vehicle 180 degrees so the vehicle is in the same spot but facing
the opposite direction and note the gauge reading.
c. Move/calibrate the gauge so it reads half the difference between the two
readings.
For example; if the first reading is -1 and the second reading (after moving the
vehicle) is +3, half way between is +1.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
2020年3月30日 10:22:55 Page 10 © 2011 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
VEHICLE PULL OR DRIFT
Updated November 21, 2011
This procedure was amended. The "Operation Performed Report" was added.
DESCRIPTION/DEFINITION OF A VEHICLE "PULL" CONDITION
The vehicle consistently drifts to one side while driving at a constant speed on a
straight, flat road.
l A vehicle is said to "pull" if it completes a lane change in less than 7 seconds
(with no steering correction from the driver) when driving at 60 MPH on a road
with less than 2 degrees road crown slope. All four wheels must pass into the
other lane during this time (7 seconds).
FLOW CHART FOR CORRECTING PULL CONDITION
2009 Nissan Maxima S
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PROCEDURE A (DETERMINE IF A PULL CONDITION IS CAUSED BY A TIRE)
l Always torque wheel lug nuts using a torque wrench to the specified torque. Refer
to the appropriate Service Manual for torque specifications.
l Make sure the tire pressure is set to the correct specification.
l If the TPMS warning light comes ON, ignore it for now.
1. Swap the front tires side to side (Left to Right and Right to Left).
2. Swap the rear tires side to side (Left to Right and Right to Left).
3. Road test the vehicle.
4. Refer back to the Repair Flow Chart on page 1 for the next step.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
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For vehicles with "directional" tires (tires designed to rotate in only one direction):
a. Swap all four tires from a known good vehicle (known good tires).
b. Make sure to mark the tires to indicate their original side of the vehicle (left
or right).
c. Road test the vehicle.
d. If the pull goes away or is reduced, perform Procedure B to determine which tire
was causing the pull.
e. If the pull is the same, go to Procedure C.
PROCEDURE B (DETERMINE WHICH TIRE IS CAUSING THE PULL)
l Procedure B is done only if there is a tire pull issue.
l The steps in Procedure B should identify which tire is causing the pull.
l Make sure the tire pressure is set to the correct specification.
l Always torque wheel lug nuts using a torque wrench to the specified torque (refer
to the appropriate Service Manual for torque specifications).
l If the TPMS warning light comes ON, ignore it for now.
1a. For vehicles equipped from the factory with tires that are different sizes
between the front and rear, or vehicles with "directional" tires:
A. Put all of the tires/wheels back to original positions. The vehicle should
now pull the same as it did on your first road test.
B. Install/swap only one tire with known good, and road test.
C. Repeat step B for each tire until the pull goes away or is reduced.
D. Replace the tire that reduced or eliminated the pull.
1b. For all other vehicles:
A. Rotate tires 2 and 4 on the passenger side (see Figure 2) and road test.
l Pull goes away or is reduced; replace tire 2 (which is now on the rear).
l Pull gets worse; replace tire 4 (which is now on the front).
l No change; put tires 2 and 4 back to their original positions.
B. Rotate tires 1 and 3 on the driver side (see Figure 2) and road test.
l Pull goes away or is reduced; replace tire 1 (which is now on the rear).
l Pull gets worse; replace tire 3 (which is now on the front).
l No change; put tires 1 and 3 back to their original positions.
NOTE: Make sure directional tires are reinstalled on the same side of the
vehicle from which they were removed.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
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NOTE: When replacing a tire, if there is significant tread wear it is good
practice to replace tires in sets (both front, both rear, or all 4).
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Procedure B should have been done only if there is a tire pull issue:
l If an incident tire was identified and replaced, go to step 3.
l If an incident tire was not identified , diagnostics were not done correctly.
Go back to the Flow Chart on page 1 and start over.
After replacing a tire, road test the vehicle.
l You may have completely corrected the pull or you may have only reduced the
pull.
Return to the Repair Flow Chart on page 1 for the next step.
PROCEDURE C (CHECK ADJUST WHEEL ALIGNMENT)
1. Check the vehicles four-wheel alignment using accurate and properly calibrated
computerized alignment equipment.
l A copy of the yearly alignment machine calibration certification must be held
on file in the Service Dept.
l Refer to NTB04-054 / ITB04-021 for additional alignment information.
l Reference the appropriate Service Manual for alignment specification.
2. If any of the alignment measurements are out of specification, inspect the
suspension and chassis for any damage. Repair the damaged components before
continuing.
3. Adjust any front and/or rear adjustable alignment components that are out of
specification.
l Always perform rear adjustment first .
l Reference the appropriate Service Manual and NTB04-054 / ITB04-021 for
information regarding the proper steps to adjust the alignment.
l Make sure the steering wheel is straight when adjusting the front wheel toe.
HINT: The Steering Wheel Offset Gauge (or masking tape) can be used to center the
steering wheel while standing outside of the car during the alignment process.
4. If necessary; use CONSULT-III to adjust the Steering Angel Sensor.
l Refer to the appropriated Service Manual to determine if this adjustment is
necessary.
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Report continued on the next page.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
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CLAIMS INFORMATION
Submit a Primary Operation (PO) line claim using the following claims coding:
2009 Nissan Maxima S
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IF REQUIRED:
CLAIMS INFORMATION
IF REQUIRED:
CLAIMS INFORMATION
OR
For vehicles with different size tires or directional tires.
CLAIMS INFORMATION
IF REQUIRED:
CLAIMS INFORMATION
1. Reference the current Nissan or Infiniti Warranty Flat Rate Manual and use the
indicated FRT.
IF REQUIRED:
CLAIMS INFORMATION
DESCRIPTION
OP
CODE
SYM DIA FRT
Procedure A: Swap front and rear tires (side to side) and reinitialize
TPMS
PX35AA CA 44
0.5
hrs
DESCRIPTION
OP
CODE
SYM DIA FRT
Procedure B: Swap tires per procedure B, perform up to two
test drives, and re-initialize TPMS.
PX36AA CA 02
0.9
hrs
DESCRIPTION
OP
CODE
SYM DIA FRT
Procedure B: Swap tires per procedure B, perform test drive
and re-initialize TPMS.
If 1 tire is swapped use PX37AA CA 02
0.4
hrs
If 2 tires are swapped use PX38AA CA 02
0.8
hrs
If 3 tires are swapped use PX39AA CA 02
1.1
hrs
If 4 tires are swapped use PX40AA CA 02
1.5
hrs
DESCRIPTION OP CODE SYM DIA FRT
Alternative Procedure A and B Wheel Balance WD52AA CA 44 (1)
DESCRIPTION OP CODE SYM DIA FRT
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2. Reference the WD-Chassis Adjustment section in the current Nissan or Infiniti
Warranty Flat Rate Manual, use the OP-CODE that matches the vehicle and operation
performed.
3. Reference the current Nissan or Infiniti Warranty Flat Rate Manual and use the
indicated FRT.
IF REQUIRED:
For tire replacement claims information, reference the current Nissan or Infiniti
Warranty Flat Rate Manual.
APPENDIX
RELATIONSHIP OF ALIGNMENT SETTINGS TO VEHICLE PULL
Camber
The camber thrust direction will be to the side with the "most positive" camber
setting.
Example: If the left camber is significantly higher (more positive) than the right, the
vehicle will tend to drift or pull to the left.
Procedure C: Adjust wheel alignment (2) CA 44 (3)
NOTE: l If wheel alignment is performed, attach a copy of the alignment
machine print-out showing the Before and After alignment readings
(refer to NTB04-054 or ITB04-021).
l When repairs are finished, complete the Operations Performed Report
and attach it to the repair order.
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Caster
The caster thrust direction will be to the side with "most negative" caster setting.
Example: If the left caster is significantly higher (more positive) than the right, the
vehicle will tend to drift or pull to the right.
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Thrust Angle
The rear Thrust Angle should be close to 0. Out of spec thrust angle is caused by rear
wheel or axle misalignment and causes the steering to pull or lead to one side or the
other. Excessive thrust angle may cause the steering wheel to be off-center.
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CASTER CAMBER ADJUSTMENT
There are no provision provided for adjusting caster and camber on many Nissan/Infiniti
models, but some adjustment may be achieved by the following methods:
Strut Suspension Camber Adjustment
a. Raise the vehicle and remove the front tires.
b. Loosen the upper steering knuckle bolts and nuts.
c. Adjust the camber by moving the steering knuckle within the range of the free play
of the bolts.
d. Tighten the bolts to the specified torque (refer to the Service Manual).
e. Reinstall the front wheels and lower the vehicle. Jounce (bounce) the front and
rear of the vehicle several times to stabilize the suspension.
Strut Suspension Camber&Caster Adjustment
a. Raise the vehicle and remove the front wheels.
b. Loosen the upper strut mount bolts.
c. Adjust camber and caster by moving the upper strut mount within the range of the
free play of the bolts.
d. Tighten the bolts to the specified torque (refer to the Service Manual).
e. Reinstall the front wheels and lower the vehicle. Jounce (bounce) the front and
rear of the vehicle several times to stabilize the suspension.
Cradle Camber&Caster Adjustment
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a. Loosen all of the cradle bolts. (DO NOT remove any of these bolts. )
b. Adjust camber and caster by moving the cradle within the range of the free play of
the bolts. (Side to side movement will change Camber and SAI; Fore-Aft movement
will change Caster)
c. Tighten the bolts to the specified torque (refer to the Service Manual).
d. Jounce (bounce) the front and rear of the vehicle several times to stabilize the
suspension.
STEERING WHEEL OFF-CENTER
This procedure was amended. The "Operations Performed Report" was added.
DESCRIPTION/DEFINITION OF STEERING WHEEL "OFF-CENTER" CONDITION
The steering wheel spokes are tilted to the left or right more than allowable (see
example below) when driving straight ahead on a straight flat road.
Allowable specification for steering wheel off-center
l All Nissan (except NV1500, 2500, and 3500): 2 mm or less.
l NV1500, 2500, and 3500: 4 mm or less.
When driving straight on a highly crowned road, the steering wheel may be turned (offcenter)
to counteract the affect of the road crown. When road testing for an off-center
condition, the vehicle should be driven on a straight flat road.
Although the vehicle does not pull in either direction, the customer may perceive that
the vehicle pulls because it will respond if he or she tries to bring the steering
wheel back to center.
This condition can occur if the tie rod length is uneven (not adjusted correctly) from
side to side.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
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ADJUST/CORRECT STEERING WHEEL OFF-CENTER
1. Check the vehicles front toe alignment using accurate and properly calibrated
computerized alignment equipment.
l A copy of the yearly alignment machine calibration certification must be held
on file in the Service Dept.
l Refer to NTB04-054 / ITB04-021 for additional alignment information.
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l Reference the appropriate Service Manual for alignment specification.
2. If alignment measurements are out of specification, inspect the suspension and
chassis for any damage. Repair the damaged components before continuing.
3. Adjust alignment to correct the off-center condition
l Reference the appropriate Service Manual and NTB04-054 / ITB04-021 for
information regarding the proper steps to adjust the alignment
l Make sure the steering wheel is straight when adjusting the front wheel toe.
HINT: The Steering Wheel Offset Gauge (or masking tape) can be used to center the
steering wheel while standing outside of the car during the alignment process.
4. Road test to confirm the steering wheel is straight (not off-center 2 mm or more).
5. Remove the steering wheel off-set gauge.
6. Attach to the Repair Order a copy of the alignment machine printout showing the
BEFORE and AFTER alignment readings. Write on the print-out the amount of steering
wheel off-center (in millimeters) before and after the alignment.
7. If necessary; use CONSULT-III to adjust the Steering Angel Sensor.
l Refer to the appropriate Service Manual to determine if this adjustment is
necessary.
CLAIMS INFORMATION
Submit a Primary Operation (PO) line claim using the following claims coding:
CLAIMS INFORMATION
DESCRIPTION OP CODE SYM DIA FRT
Steering Wheel
Off-Center -
Adjust
WD34AA EC 44 (1)
(1) Reference the current Nissan Warranty Flat Rate Manual and use the indicated
FRT.
NOTE: l If wheel alignment is performed, attach a copy of the alignment
machine print-out showing the Before and After alignment readings
(refer to NTB04-054 or ITB04-021 ).
l When repairs are finished, complete the Operations Performed Report
on the next page and attach it to the repair order.
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TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN
Reference Number(s): NTB08-097f, Date of Issue: November 21, 2012
Superceded Bulletin(s): NTB08-097e, Date of Issue: September 21, 2011
REVISION HISTORY
The linked General Procedures in this bulletin have been amended. Please discard
previous versions of these General Procedures.
SERVICE INFORMATION
If a customers reports their "vehicle pulls" or the "steering wheel is off-center," use
the Diagnostic Flow Chart below and the other information in this bulletin to diagnose
and correct the issue
DIAGNOSTIC FLOW CHART
NISSAN: Nissan
CLASSIFICATION: ST08-001f
APPLIED VEHICLES: All Nissan - except GT-R
2009 Nissan Maxima S
DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
2020年3月30日 10:22:54 Page 1 © 2011 Mitchell Repair Information 59 Company, LLC.
ROAD TEST
Determine if the vehicle has a pull or steering wheel off-center issue that requires
repair.
Replace the tire(s) or use known good tires from another vehicle for all road tests and
diagnostics in this bulletin.
l Make sure tire pressure is set to the correct specification.
1. Install the following measuring tools on the vehicle:
l Steering Wheel Offset Gauge
IMPORTANT: l If the vehicle has any tire issues, such as:
l Tires that are different sizes (except when specified from the
factory)
l Significant difference in the amount of wear between any of the
tires
l Any other tire irregularity or damage to any tire
2009 Nissan Maxima S
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l Road Crown Gauge
2. Obtain a watch with a second hand (preferably a stopwatch) to use during the road
test.
3. Take the vehicle for a road test and confirm the customers concern.
l Select a flat road where the vehicle can be driven in a straight line at a
preferred speed of 60 mph.
l During the road test make sure the vehicle is pointing straight . Don't worry
about steering wheel position during the road test.
4. Determine the vehicles issue - refer to the definitions of "Pull" and Steering
Wheel "Off-center".
5. When the road test is completed, remove the Road Crown Gauge, leave the Steering
Wheel Off-Set Gauge in place until the Service Procedure is complete.
6. Refer to the Diagnostic Flow Chart for the next step.
OTHER SERVICE INFORMATION
Customers may report that their vehicle's steering wheel is "off-center" because the
steering wheel spokes are tilted to the left or right when the vehicle continues
straight ahead on a straight flat road (see example in Figure 1).
NOTE: See pages 5 and 6 for a description of these tools and an explanation of
their use.
NOTE: l If you adjusted the tire pressure or changed the tires before the
road test, the issue may have been resolved.
l If there are cross winds strong enough to affect the vehicle's
straight line movement, then diagnosis cannot be performed.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
2020年3月30日 10:22:54 Page 3 © 2011 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
If a vehicle's steering wheel spokes are slightly off center while driving straight, it
may be the normal result of road crown. Most roads in the United States are built with
a "crown" to help rain water drain from the road surface. The slope of the road crown
varies from place to place.
Vehicles have a natural tendency to drift to the low side of the crown. The greater the
slope of the crown, the faster the vehicle will drift in that direction.
Tires and vehicles are designed to counteract the effect of typical road crown, but may
not fully counteract the effect of a highly crowned road.
Some freeways slope to both the left and right from the center. When driving on a
freeway that slopes in both directions, a vehicle may exhibit a small amount of drift
to the left when driving in the left lane and a small amount of drift to the right when
driving in the right lane.
This bulletin does not address road crown issues because they are not vehicle related ,
although the customer may incorrectly perceive them to be.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
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DESCRIPTION/DEFINITION OF STEERING WHEEL "OFF-CENTER" CONDITION
The steering wheel spokes are tilted to the left or right more than allowable (see
example in Figure 2) when driving straight ahead on a straight flat road.
Allowable specification for steering wheel off-center
l All Nissan (except NV1500, 2500, and 3500): 2 mm or less.
l NV1500, 2500, and 3500: 4 mm or less.
When driving straight on a highly crowned road, the steering wheel may be turned (offcenter)
to counteract the affect of the road crown. When road testing for an off-center
condition, the vehicle should be driven on a straight flat road.
Although the vehicle does not pull in either direction, the customer may perceive that
the vehicle pulls because it will respond if he or she tries to bring the steering
wheel back to center. This condition can occur if the tie rod length is uneven (not
adjusted correctly) from side to side.
2009 Nissan Maxima S
DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
2020年3月30日 10:22:54 Page 5 © 2011 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
DESCRIPTION/DEFINITION OF A VEHICLE "PULL" CONDITION
The vehicle consistently drifts to one side while driving at a constant speed on a
straight, flat road.
l A vehicle is said to "pull" if it completes a lane change in less than 7 seconds
(with no steering correction from the driver) when driving at 60 MPH on a road
with less than 2 degrees of road crown slope. All four wheels must pass into the
other lane during this time (7 seconds).
SPECIAL TOOLS
STEERING WHEEL OFFSET GAUGE (STICKERS) - TOOL # J-49286-3
The Steering Wheel Offset Gauge is a set of one-time use stickers that are attached to
the steering wheel and the steering column cover.
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Tool Use
Turn/adjust the steering wheel to the straight position (spokes of steering wheel are
straight across).
Attach the sticker with numbers on the steering column cover.
Attach the arrow sticker on the steering wheel. Make sure the arrow lines up with the 0
(zero) mark.
When you road test the vehicle you can read how many millimeters the steering wheel is
off-center.
l Additional tools can be ordered from TECH-MATE at 1-800-662-2001.
NOTE: If stickers are not available, use a piece of masking tape on the steering
wheel and on the steering column. Mark where the steering wheel is
centered.
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ROAD CROWN GAUGE - TOOL # J-49286-2
The Road Crown Gauge measures the amount of road crown in degrees.
The suction cup is used to attach the Road Crown Gauge to a secure spot on the vehicle
dash.
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Tool Use
Before the road test, calibrate the gauge:
There are two ways to calibrate the gauge:
l Preferred method: Park the vehicle on a level surface, such as an alignment rack
and calibrate the gauge by moving the gauge until the ball is on the zero mark.
NOTE: The gauge must be calibrated with the same weight in the vehicle as there
will be during the road test. For example, if you plan to have an assistant in
the vehicle during the road test, calibrate the gauge while both of you are
sitting in the vehicle.
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DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
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l If you do not have a perfectly flat level surface:
a. Park the vehicle on a reasonable flat level surface and note the gauge
reading.
b. Turn the vehicle 180 degrees so the vehicle is in the same spot but facing
the opposite direction and note the gauge reading.
c. Move/calibrate the gauge so it reads half the difference between the two
readings.
For example; if the first reading is -1 and the second reading (after moving the
vehicle) is +3, half way between is +1.
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DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
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VEHICLE PULL OR DRIFT
Updated November 21, 2011
This procedure was amended. The "Operation Performed Report" was added.
DESCRIPTION/DEFINITION OF A VEHICLE "PULL" CONDITION
The vehicle consistently drifts to one side while driving at a constant speed on a
straight, flat road.
l A vehicle is said to "pull" if it completes a lane change in less than 7 seconds
(with no steering correction from the driver) when driving at 60 MPH on a road
with less than 2 degrees road crown slope. All four wheels must pass into the
other lane during this time (7 seconds).
FLOW CHART FOR CORRECTING PULL CONDITION
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PROCEDURE A (DETERMINE IF A PULL CONDITION IS CAUSED BY A TIRE)
l Always torque wheel lug nuts using a torque wrench to the specified torque. Refer
to the appropriate Service Manual for torque specifications.
l Make sure the tire pressure is set to the correct specification.
l If the TPMS warning light comes ON, ignore it for now.
1. Swap the front tires side to side (Left to Right and Right to Left).
2. Swap the rear tires side to side (Left to Right and Right to Left).
3. Road test the vehicle.
4. Refer back to the Repair Flow Chart on page 1 for the next step.
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DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE PULL (DRIFT) AND STEERING WHEEL OFF CENTER
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For vehicles with "directional" tires (tires designed to rotate in only one direction):
a. Swap all four tires from a known good vehicle (known good tires).
b. Make sure to mark the tires to indicate their original side of the vehicle (left
or right).
c. Road test the vehicle.
d. If the pull goes away or is reduced, perform Procedure B to determine which tire
was causing the pull.
e. If the pull is the same, go to Procedure C.
PROCEDURE B (DETERMINE WHICH TIRE IS CAUSING THE PULL)
l Procedure B is done only if there is a tire pull issue.
l The steps in Procedure B should identify which tire is causing the pull.
l Make sure the tire pressure is set to the correct specification.
l Always torque wheel lug nuts using a torque wrench to the specified torque (refer
to the appropriate Service Manual for torque specifications).
l If the TPMS warning light comes ON, ignore it for now.
1a. For vehicles equipped from the factory with tires that are different sizes
between the front and rear, or vehicles with "directional" tires:
A. Put all of the tires/wheels back to original positions. The vehicle should
now pull the same as it did on your first road test.
B. Install/swap only one tire with known good, and road test.
C. Repeat step B for each tire until the pull goes away or is reduced.
D. Replace the tire that reduced or eliminated the pull.
1b. For all other vehicles:
A. Rotate tires 2 and 4 on the passenger side (see Figure 2) and road test.
l Pull goes away or is reduced; replace tire 2 (which is now on the rear).
l Pull gets worse; replace tire 4 (which is now on the front).
l No change; put tires 2 and 4 back to their original positions.
B. Rotate tires 1 and 3 on the driver side (see Figure 2) and road test.
l Pull goes away or is reduced; replace tire 1 (which is now on the rear).
l Pull gets worse; replace tire 3 (which is now on the front).
l No change; put tires 1 and 3 back to their original positions.
NOTE: Make sure directional tires are reinstalled on the same side of the
vehicle from which they were removed.
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NOTE: When replacing a tire, if there is significant tread wear it is good
practice to replace tires in sets (both front, both rear, or all 4).
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Procedure B should have been done only if there is a tire pull issue:
l If an incident tire was identified and replaced, go to step 3.
l If an incident tire was not identified , diagnostics were not done correctly.
Go back to the Flow Chart on page 1 and start over.
After replacing a tire, road test the vehicle.
l You may have completely corrected the pull or you may have only reduced the
pull.
Return to the Repair Flow Chart on page 1 for the next step.
PROCEDURE C (CHECK ADJUST WHEEL ALIGNMENT)
1. Check the vehicles four-wheel alignment using accurate and properly calibrated
computerized alignment equipment.
l A copy of the yearly alignment machine calibration certification must be held
on file in the Service Dept.
l Refer to NTB04-054 / ITB04-021 for additional alignment information.
l Reference the appropriate Service Manual for alignment specification.
2. If any of the alignment measurements are out of specification, inspect the
suspension and chassis for any damage. Repair the damaged components before
continuing.
3. Adjust any front and/or rear adjustable alignment components that are out of
specification.
l Always perform rear adjustment first .
l Reference the appropriate Service Manual and NTB04-054 / ITB04-021 for
information regarding the proper steps to adjust the alignment.
l Make sure the steering wheel is straight when adjusting the front wheel toe.
HINT: The Steering Wheel Offset Gauge (or masking tape) can be used to center the
steering wheel while standing outside of the car during the alignment process.
4. If necessary; use CONSULT-III to adjust the Steering Angel Sensor.
l Refer to the appropriated Service Manual to determine if this adjustment is
necessary.
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Report continued on the next page.
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CLAIMS INFORMATION
Submit a Primary Operation (PO) line claim using the following claims coding:
2009 Nissan Maxima S
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IF REQUIRED:
CLAIMS INFORMATION
IF REQUIRED:
CLAIMS INFORMATION
OR
For vehicles with different size tires or directional tires.
CLAIMS INFORMATION
IF REQUIRED:
CLAIMS INFORMATION
1. Reference the current Nissan or Infiniti Warranty Flat Rate Manual and use the
indicated FRT.
IF REQUIRED:
CLAIMS INFORMATION
DESCRIPTION
OP
CODE
SYM DIA FRT
Procedure A: Swap front and rear tires (side to side) and reinitialize
TPMS
PX35AA CA 44
0.5
hrs
DESCRIPTION
OP
CODE
SYM DIA FRT
Procedure B: Swap tires per procedure B, perform up to two
test drives, and re-initialize TPMS.
PX36AA CA 02
0.9
hrs
DESCRIPTION
OP
CODE
SYM DIA FRT
Procedure B: Swap tires per procedure B, perform test drive
and re-initialize TPMS.
If 1 tire is swapped use PX37AA CA 02
0.4
hrs
If 2 tires are swapped use PX38AA CA 02
0.8
hrs
If 3 tires are swapped use PX39AA CA 02
1.1
hrs
If 4 tires are swapped use PX40AA CA 02
1.5
hrs
DESCRIPTION OP CODE SYM DIA FRT
Alternative Procedure A and B Wheel Balance WD52AA CA 44 (1)
DESCRIPTION OP CODE SYM DIA FRT
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2. Reference the WD-Chassis Adjustment section in the current Nissan or Infiniti
Warranty Flat Rate Manual, use the OP-CODE that matches the vehicle and operation
performed.
3. Reference the current Nissan or Infiniti Warranty Flat Rate Manual and use the
indicated FRT.
IF REQUIRED:
For tire replacement claims information, reference the current Nissan or Infiniti
Warranty Flat Rate Manual.
APPENDIX
RELATIONSHIP OF ALIGNMENT SETTINGS TO VEHICLE PULL
Camber
The camber thrust direction will be to the side with the "most positive" camber
setting.
Example: If the left camber is significantly higher (more positive) than the right, the
vehicle will tend to drift or pull to the left.
Procedure C: Adjust wheel alignment (2) CA 44 (3)
NOTE: l If wheel alignment is performed, attach a copy of the alignment
machine print-out showing the Before and After alignment readings
(refer to NTB04-054 or ITB04-021).
l When repairs are finished, complete the Operations Performed Report
and attach it to the repair order.
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Caster
The caster thrust direction will be to the side with "most negative" caster setting.
Example: If the left caster is significantly higher (more positive) than the right, the
vehicle will tend to drift or pull to the right.
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Thrust Angle
The rear Thrust Angle should be close to 0. Out of spec thrust angle is caused by rear
wheel or axle misalignment and causes the steering to pull or lead to one side or the
other. Excessive thrust angle may cause the steering wheel to be off-center.
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CASTER CAMBER ADJUSTMENT
There are no provision provided for adjusting caster and camber on many Nissan/Infiniti
models, but some adjustment may be achieved by the following methods:
Strut Suspension Camber Adjustment
a. Raise the vehicle and remove the front tires.
b. Loosen the upper steering knuckle bolts and nuts.
c. Adjust the camber by moving the steering knuckle within the range of the free play
of the bolts.
d. Tighten the bolts to the specified torque (refer to the Service Manual).
e. Reinstall the front wheels and lower the vehicle. Jounce (bounce) the front and
rear of the vehicle several times to stabilize the suspension.
Strut Suspension Camber&Caster Adjustment
a. Raise the vehicle and remove the front wheels.
b. Loosen the upper strut mount bolts.
c. Adjust camber and caster by moving the upper strut mount within the range of the
free play of the bolts.
d. Tighten the bolts to the specified torque (refer to the Service Manual).
e. Reinstall the front wheels and lower the vehicle. Jounce (bounce) the front and
rear of the vehicle several times to stabilize the suspension.
Cradle Camber&Caster Adjustment
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a. Loosen all of the cradle bolts. (DO NOT remove any of these bolts. )
b. Adjust camber and caster by moving the cradle within the range of the free play of
the bolts. (Side to side movement will change Camber and SAI; Fore-Aft movement
will change Caster)
c. Tighten the bolts to the specified torque (refer to the Service Manual).
d. Jounce (bounce) the front and rear of the vehicle several times to stabilize the
suspension.
STEERING WHEEL OFF-CENTER
This procedure was amended. The "Operations Performed Report" was added.
DESCRIPTION/DEFINITION OF STEERING WHEEL "OFF-CENTER" CONDITION
The steering wheel spokes are tilted to the left or right more than allowable (see
example below) when driving straight ahead on a straight flat road.
Allowable specification for steering wheel off-center
l All Nissan (except NV1500, 2500, and 3500): 2 mm or less.
l NV1500, 2500, and 3500: 4 mm or less.
When driving straight on a highly crowned road, the steering wheel may be turned (offcenter)
to counteract the affect of the road crown. When road testing for an off-center
condition, the vehicle should be driven on a straight flat road.
Although the vehicle does not pull in either direction, the customer may perceive that
the vehicle pulls because it will respond if he or she tries to bring the steering
wheel back to center.
This condition can occur if the tie rod length is uneven (not adjusted correctly) from
side to side.
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ADJUST/CORRECT STEERING WHEEL OFF-CENTER
1. Check the vehicles front toe alignment using accurate and properly calibrated
computerized alignment equipment.
l A copy of the yearly alignment machine calibration certification must be held
on file in the Service Dept.
l Refer to NTB04-054 / ITB04-021 for additional alignment information.
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l Reference the appropriate Service Manual for alignment specification.
2. If alignment measurements are out of specification, inspect the suspension and
chassis for any damage. Repair the damaged components before continuing.
3. Adjust alignment to correct the off-center condition
l Reference the appropriate Service Manual and NTB04-054 / ITB04-021 for
information regarding the proper steps to adjust the alignment
l Make sure the steering wheel is straight when adjusting the front wheel toe.
HINT: The Steering Wheel Offset Gauge (or masking tape) can be used to center the
steering wheel while standing outside of the car during the alignment process.
4. Road test to confirm the steering wheel is straight (not off-center 2 mm or more).
5. Remove the steering wheel off-set gauge.
6. Attach to the Repair Order a copy of the alignment machine printout showing the
BEFORE and AFTER alignment readings. Write on the print-out the amount of steering
wheel off-center (in millimeters) before and after the alignment.
7. If necessary; use CONSULT-III to adjust the Steering Angel Sensor.
l Refer to the appropriate Service Manual to determine if this adjustment is
necessary.
CLAIMS INFORMATION
Submit a Primary Operation (PO) line claim using the following claims coding:
CLAIMS INFORMATION
DESCRIPTION OP CODE SYM DIA FRT
Steering Wheel
Off-Center -
Adjust
WD34AA EC 44 (1)
(1) Reference the current Nissan Warranty Flat Rate Manual and use the indicated
FRT.
NOTE: l If wheel alignment is performed, attach a copy of the alignment
machine print-out showing the Before and After alignment readings
(refer to NTB04-054 or ITB04-021 ).
l When repairs are finished, complete the Operations Performed Report
on the next page and attach it to the repair order.
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